Chuck for the clamping of tools by shrink fit

ABSTRACT

A chuck for the clamping of tools by shrink fit includes a chuck member which has a longitudinal section having a central receptacle with clamping surface for the insertion and holding of the tool to be clamped with its shank. The longitudinal section includes a plurality of segments arranged at distances from one another in the circumferential direction and separated from each other by clearances in between, the segments extending essentially axially parallel and forming the clamping surface with their inner peripheral areas. The segments are surrounded on the outside by a sleeve part. The segments are either in one piece with the sleeve part or, as separate structural elements, are a component of a mounted insert.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a chuck for the clamping of tools byshrink fit.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

A chuck of this type is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,311,654. In thesechucks, the chuck member has a longitudinal section with a centralreceptacle having a clamping surface for inserting and holding the toolto be clamped with its cylindrical shank. The receptacle is made of acentral, axially relatively long-dimensioned bore hole which is incommunication with a central channel in the remaining part of the chuckmember, this bore hole being intended at the same time to be used forthe passage of a lubricant and/or coolant, as well. For this purpose,introduced in the region of the central bore hole are four shallowlongitudinal grooves, arranged at equal angular distances from eachother in the circumferential direction, through which the lubricantand/or coolant is guided along the shank of the clamped tool to thefront up to the freely projecting tool part. In this contraction chuck,to initiate the shrink clamping, the longitudinal section containing thecentral bore hole is heated from the outside, so that it expandsradially under heating, with accompanying radial widening of the centralbore hole which forms the clamping surface. Because of the relativelylarge material cross-section of the longitudinal section, it has only arelatively low expansion rate. The extent of the radial widening of thecentral bore hole is relatively small. This demands that the shanks ofthe tools to be clamped in this manner must be very exactly machined anddimensioned, in conformity with the widening capability of the centralclamping bore hole of the chuck. The tolerances for the diameters of thetools are therefore very narrow. Depending on circumstances, theapplication time of the heat and/or the amount of heat when heating thelongitudinal section of the chuck is relatively great for achieving thesuitably sufficient widening. Following the heating and insertion of thetool, shrinkage of the longitudinal section of the chuck member resultsduring subsequent cooling, with accompanying radial contraction andclamping of the cylindrical shank of the tool in the region of thecentral bore hole.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a chuck of the typeindicated above which has an increased rate of expansion withaccompanying larger widening of the clamping diameter, permittinggreater tolerances for the shank of the tools to be clamped.

SUMMARY

The above and other beneficial objects of the present invention areachieved by providing a chuck as described herein.

Due to the configuration of the chuck according to the presentinvention, in response to the heating, the longitudinal sectioncontaining the central receptacle expands to a greater extent withincreased rate of expansion, and the effective diameter for theexpansion is greater. A larger widening of the clamping diameterresults. This arrangement may provide the advantage that the shanktolerance for the tools to be clamped may be greater. Depending oncircumstances, the application time and/or quantity of heat necessaryfor heating the longitudinal section of the chuck may also be reduced.Above all, the chuck is inexpensive and uncomplicated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a chuck without inserted toolaccording to a first example embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the chuck illustrated inFIG. 1 taken along the line II—II, with an inserted tool.

FIG. 3 is a schematic axial longitudinal cross-sectional view of a chuckaccording to a second example embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the chuck illustrated inFIG. 3 taken along the line IV—IV, with an inserted tool.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Illustrated schematically in the Figures is a chuck 10 for the clampingof tools 11 by shrink fit, of which only shank 17 clamped in chuck 10 isillustrated. Chuck 10 includes a chuck member 12 which has alongitudinal section 13 having a central receptacle 14 that, asillustrated in FIG. 1, is open toward the end located to the right, andis used for inserting and holding tool 11 to be clamped with its shank17. Contiguous to longitudinal section 13, chuck member 12 includes anend region 16 which is not significant for the invention and may beconstructed as desired. Using this end region 16, chuck 10 is insertablein a conventional manner into, for example, a work spindle of a machinetool. Deviating from the representation, end region 16 may also beconfigured differently, depending on the structural conditions presenton the spindle side. For example, it may also be constructed as a simpleshank that is part of a chuck, or, with chuck member 12, is able on itspart to be releasably inserted into a chuck that is able to beaccommodated in the work spindle of a machine tool.

Inner receptacle 14, extending up to a flat contact surface 15, is usedfor inserting and holding tool 11 to be clamped with its cylindricalshank 17 in chuck member 12. In principle, tool 11 is arbitrary. It ismade, for example, of a milling cutter, a drill bit, etc.

In the first example embodiment of the present invention illustrated inFIGS. 1 and 2, chuck member 12 represents a one-piece structure. In aspecial construction, longitudinal section 13 includes a plurality ofsegments 19 arranged at distances from one another in thecircumferential direction and separated from one another by clearances18 in between. In the example embodiment illustrated, a total of eightsubstantially identical segments 19 and clearances 18 in between areprovided. Segments 19 extend essentially axially parallel and extendover a considerable axial length of receptacle 14 so that they formreceptacle 14 and, with their respective inner peripheral areas 20, formthe clamping surface for clamping shank 17.

Clearances 18 are open in the radial direction toward the inside ofreceptacle 14 and have a considerable depth in the radial direction.Viewed from inside to outside, they extend in the radial direction by aconsiderable measurement outwardly. Clearances 18 are formed by radialslits the width of which measured in the circumferential direction inthe first example embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is uniform inthe radial direction. Accordingly, individual segments 19 incross-section have the shape of ring segments. The arrangement is suchthat segments 19 and/or clearances 18 follow each other in thecircumferential direction at approximately equal angle-at-circumferencedistances.

Longitudinal section 13 has a sleeve part 30 which surrounds segments 19on the outside, viewed in the radial direction. This sleeve part 30 hasa comparatively thinly-dimensioned wall cross-section having a highthermal expansion rate. In the first example embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 1 and 2, this sleeve part 30 is in one piece with segments 19, andis therefore of uniform material, as well

Due to the configuration of the chuck according to the presentinvention, in response to heating for initiating the shrink clamping oftool 11, sleeve part 30 expands to a greater extent radially than is thecase for conventional comparable chucks without segments 19 andclearances 18. The effective diameter for the expansion is larger. Agreater widening of the clamping diameter of receptacle 14 may result,which means the tolerance of shanks 17 of tools 11 to be clamped may begreater. Decisive for the high thermal expansion rate achieved is thecomparatively thinly-dimensioned wall cross-section of sleeve part 30which is attained by relatively great radial depth of clearances 18 andthe division into individual segments 19 by clearances 18 in between, sothat sleeve part 30 theoretically yields a relatively narrow ring thatextends around segments 19 in the circumferential direction, thus in onepiece. Upon initiating the shrink clamping first of all by heating,essentially only this sleeve part 30 experiences a radial widening byexpansion, and the diameter of receptacle 14 and the clamping diameterformed by inner peripheral areas 20 are thereby enlarged. Additionally,at the same time, relatively little heat flows off into segments 19, andfrom them to tool shank 17, so that depending on circumstances, the timefor heating longitudinal section 13 and/or the quantity of heat to beintroduced may be reduced.

In the second example embodiment of the present invention illustrated inFIGS. 3 and 4, the same reference numerals are used for the parts whichcorrespond to those of the first example embodiment, so that because ofthis, reference is made to the description of the first exampleembodiment in order to avoid repetitions.

Unlike the first example embodiment, chuck 10 according illustrated inFIGS. 3 and 4 is configured so that individual clearances 18 betweensegments 19 have a considerable width measured in the circumferentialdirection, clearances 18 indeed also being radial slits, but these slitsenlarging in the radial direction, viewed from the inside to theoutside. Individual segments 19 in cross-section have the shape ofradially aligned rectangular parallelepipeds.

In the second example embodiment, segments 19 are part of a specialinsert 40 which is inserted into longitudinal section 13 of chuck member12 from the end located to the right in FIG. 3. Sleeve part 30surrounding segments 19 is an integral part of longitudinal section 13,while in contrast, segments 19 as components of insert 40 representindependent structural elements. Insert 40 may be made of a differentmaterial than sleeve part 30, and thus than longitudinal section 13 ofchuck member 12. For example, insert 40 may be formed from a materialhaving lower thermal conductivity than sleeve part 30. This arrangementmay provide the advantage that during the heating for initiating theshrink clamping, the heat remains in sleeve part 30 to the greatestextent possible, and does not, for example, flow off into segments 19due to thermal conduction, and from them to shank 17 of tool 11. Insert40 may be formed from a material having a low coefficient of thermalexpansion. This arrangement may provide the advantage that when heatingsleeve part 30, its high thermal expansion rate is fully utilized, andin the inner area which is formed by insert 40, only a slight thermalexpansion occurs. In the second example embodiment, clearances 18between segments 19 of insert 40 are open in the radial direction bothoutwardly and inwardly toward receptacle 14. Insert 40 may be fixedlyjoined to sleeve part 30, e.g. by soldering. As illustrated in FIG. 3,segments 19 and the clamping surfaces formed at their inner peripheralareas 20 extend over a considerable axial length, so that even longershanks 17 may be reliably clamped by shrink clamping, in so far as thisis necessary. In both example embodiments of chuck 10, a tool 11 isshrink-clamped by first of all heating chuck 10 on the peripheral sidein the area of longitudinal section 13, tool 11 being introduced withshank 17 into receptacle 14, since because of the heating, the diametereffective for the clamping enlarges due to the great thermal expansionrate of sleeve part 30 with relatively large widening of the clampingdiameter, so that tools 11 having greater tolerances with respect to thediameter of shank 17 may be clamped. The part of longitudinal section 13decisive for the clamping is subsequently cooled, with associatedshrinkage, accompanied by radial clamping of shank 17 within receptacle14.

What is claimed is:
 1. A chuck for clamping a tool by shrink fit,comprising: a chuck member having a longitudinal section, thelongitudinal section including a central receptacle having a clampingsurface configured to receive and hold a shank of the tool to beclamped; wherein the longitudinal section includes a plurality ofsegments arranged at distances from one another in a circumferentialdirection and separated from each other by clearances in between, thesegments extending essentially axially parallel, an inner peripheralarea of the segments forming the clamping surface, each clearance havinga depth in a radial direction that is at least half of a wall thicknessof the longitudinal section.
 2. The chuck according to claim 1, whereinthe clearances are open toward the receptacle in a radial direction. 3.The chuck according to claim 1, wherein the clearances between thesegments have a considerable width in the circumferential direction. 4.The chuck according to claim 1, wherein a cross-section of the segmentshas a ring segment shape.
 5. The chuck according to claim 1, wherein theclearances are formed by radial slits.
 6. The chuck according to claim5, wherein the radial slits are dimensioned with a uniform width in aradial direction.
 7. The chuck according to claim 1, wherein at leastone of the segments and the clearances follow each other in thecircumferential direction at approximately equal angle-at-circumferencedistances.
 8. The chuck according to claim 1, further comprising asleeve part surrounding the segments on an outside in a radialdirection.
 9. The chuck according to claim 8, wherein the sleeve parthas a thinly-dimensioned wall cross-section relative to the longitudinalsection.
 10. The chuck according to claim 8, wherein the sleeve part isintegral with the segments and forms the longitudinal section of thechuck member.
 11. The chuck according to claim 8, wherein the segmentsare part of an insert inserted into the sleeve part of the chuck member.12. The chuck according to claim 11, wherein the insert is fixedlyjoined to the sleeve part.
 13. The chuck according to claim 12, whereinthe insert is fixedly joined to the sleeve part by soldering.
 14. Thechuck according to claim 11, wherein the clearances between the segmentsof the insert are open in the radial direction inwardly and outwardlytoward the receptacle.
 15. A chuck for clamping a tool by shrink fit,comprising: a chuck member having a longitudinal section, thelongitudinal section including a central receptacle having a clampingsurface configured to receive and hold a shank of the tool to beclamped; wherein the longitudinal section includes a plurality ofsegments arranged at distances from one another in a circumferentialdirection and separated from each other by clearances in between, thesegments extending essentially axially parallel, an inner peripheralarea of the segments forming the clamping surface; and wherein across-section of the segments has a shape of radially-alignedrectangular parallelepipeds.
 16. A chuck for clamping a tool by shrinkfit, comprising: a chuck member having a longitudinal section, thelongitudinal section including a central receptacle having a clampingsurface configured to receive and hold a shank of the tool to beclamped; wherein the longitudinal section includes a plurality ofsegments arranged at distances from one another in a circumferentialdirection and separated from each other by clearances in between, thesegments extending essentially axially parallel, an inner peripheralarea of the segments forming the clamping surface; wherein theclearances are formed by radial slits; and wherein the radial slitsenlarge in a radial direction from an inside to an outside.
 17. A chuckfor clamping a tool by shrink fit, comprising: a chuck member having alongitudinal section, the longitudinal section including a centralreceptacle having a clamping surface configured to receive and hold ashank of the tool to be clamped, the longitudinal section including aplurality of segments arranged at distances from one another in acircumferential direction and separated from each other by clearances inbetween, the segments extending essentially axially parallel, an innerperipheral area of the segments forming the clamping surface; and asleeve part surrounding the segments on an outside in a radialdirection; wherein the segments are part of an insert inserted into thesleeve part of the chuck member; and wherein the insert is formed from adifferent material than the sleeve part.
 18. A chuck for clamping a toolby shrink fit, comprising: a chuck member having a longitudinal section,the longitudinal section including a central receptacle having aclamping surface configured to receive and hold a shank of the tool tobe clamped, the longitudinal section including a plurality of segmentsarranged at distances from one another in a circumferential directionand separated from each other by clearances in between, the segmentsextending essentially axially parallel, an inner peripheral area of thesegments forming the clamping surface; and a sleeve part surrounding thesegments on an outside in a radial direction; wherein the segments arepart of an insert inserted into the sleeve part of the chuck member; andwherein the insert is formed from a material having a low thermalconductivity.
 19. A chuck for clamping a tool by shrink fit, comprising:a chuck member having a longitudinal section, the longitudinal sectionincluding a central receptacle having a clamping surface configured toreceive and hold a shank of the tool to be clamped, the longitudinalsection including a plurality of segments arranged at distances from oneanother in a circumferential direction and separated from each other byclearances in between, the segments extending essentially axiallyparallel, an inner peripheral area of the segments forming the clampingsurface; and a sleeve part surrounding the segments on an outside in aradial direction; wherein the segments are part of an insert insertedinto the sleeve part of the chuck member; and wherein the insert isformed from a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion.